|
Ismail Enver Pasha or Ismail Anwar Pasha (; (トルコ語:İsmail Enver Paşa); 22 November 1881 – 4 August 1922), commonly known as Enver Pasha, was an Ottoman military officer and a leader of the 1908 Young Turk Revolution. He became the main leader of the Ottoman Empire in both the Balkan Wars (1912–13) and in World War I (1914–18). In the course of his career he was known by increasingly elevated titles as he rose through military ranks, including Enver Efendi (), Enver Bey (), and finally Enver Pasha, "pasha" being the honorary title Ottoman military officers gained on promotion to the rank of Mirliva. After the Ottoman coup d’état of January 1913, Enver Pasha became (4 January 1914) the Minister of War of the Ottoman Empire, forming one-third of the triumvirate known as the "Three Pashas" (along with Talaat Pasha and Djemal Pasha) who held ''de facto'' rule over the Empire from 1913 until the end of World War I in 1918. As war minister and ''de facto'' Commander-in-Chief (despite his role as the ''de jure'' Deputy Commander-in-Chief, as the Sultan formally held the title), Enver Pasha was the most powerful figure of the government of the Ottoman Empire. He decided to involve the Empire in World War I on the side of Germany. Along with Talaat and Djemal, he was one of the principal perpetrators of the Armenian Genocide. Prior to World War I, he was hailed at home as "the hero of the revolution", and Europeans often spoke of Ottoman Turkey as "Enverland".〔 〕 ==Early life and career== Enver was born in Istanbul on 22 November 1881. Enver's father, Ahmed ( 1860–1947),〔.〕 was either a bridge-keeper in Monastir〔.〕 or a small town public prosecutor in the Balkans〔.〕 and his mother Ayşe an Albanian peasant.〔.〕 His uncle was Halil Pasha (later Kut). Enver had two younger brothers, Nuri and Mehmed Kamil, and two younger sisters, Hasene and Mediha. He studied for different degrees in military schools in the empire and ultimately graduated from the ''Harp Akademisi'' with distinction in 1903. He became a Major in 1906. He was sent to the Third Army, which was stationed in Salonica. During his service in the city, he became a member of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Enver Pasha」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|